Most of climatic parameters are measured at point locations, in climatological stations of an oftenunequal density network. However, many applications need climatic values at any point of the studied field. ThisPhD thesis proposes an evaluation of the uncertainty level for spatialization of temperatures in mountainousareas and a demonstration of the scale/method relation, then a quantification of the benefits of each methodaccording to the scale of concerned applications. The subject thus includes, firstly, some developments ofspatialization methods for temperatures, explaining spatial variations of temperatures: which factors work, makechange the temperatures, and in which proportions?The realization of models, at various scales, is accomp...