In mountainous area, the variability of the climatic parameters are still not well known at small scale. Indeed, the systematic measurements of temperature, humidity and wind's parameters are often restricted because of difficult climatic conditions, specially in winter. But since the production of artificial snow in the winters sports resorts began, it became possible to use the information of the very dense meteorological network of anemometers and probes installed for this purpose.This Phd thesis aims at exploiting the data of French Alpine selected sites in the Savoie area (Les Menuires, Val Thorens, Aussois, Valloire).A statistical and exploratory data analysis permit to answer the recurrent problematic of the mountain winterclimatolog...