The income smoothing is one goal of accounting policy of French firms listed on the Stock Exchange. The aim of this study consists in showing that earnings are not naturally smoothed but, on the contrary, that they were manipulated as accounting principles and rules allow managers to choose among different methods. This research shows that accruals were manipulated in order to reduce the variability of net income. Different hypotheses about the causes which have lead management to the use of smoothing practices have been proposed. Its basis rests on the general improvement of the shareholder's welfare as the dampening of the variability of the earnings lessens the uncertainty of the expected cash-flows. But the efficiency market hypothesis ...