Parallel computers offer an interesting alternative for the applications of scientific computation, which need large resources of calculation and memory. However, the effective programming of these machines is often difficult and the obtained implementations are generally not easily portable. We propose in this thesis a parallel programming model allowing simple, portable and efficient programming of parallel applications. This model is based on an explicit decomposition of the application into tasks which communicate through objects in a shared memory. The semantics of the access to the shared data is quasi sequential and precedences between the tasks are implicitly defined to respect this semantic. We present in a first part the implement...