Jury: Carmel, Denis (Rapporteur); Priol, Thierry (Rapporteur); Morhr, Roger (Président)In this phd, we focus on the efficient implementation of scheduling algorithms of actual parallel applications in high level parallel programing language. We propose mecanisms based on the principles of sequential and parallel degeneration. Sequential degeneration consist in optimising the cost of task creation when creation of more parallelism is not necessary. Distributed degeneration consist in the automatic generation of a distributed execution as close as possible to the same program written with a communication library as MPI. In practice, existing sequential degeneration mecanism achieve poor performances when implemented on distributed memory arch...