In this thesis we develop new numerical algorithms for polynomial matrices. We tackle the problem of computing the eigenstructure (rank, null-space, finite and infinite structures) of a polynomial matrix and we apply the obtained results to the matrix polynomial J-spectral factorization problem. We also present some applications of these algorithms in control theory. All the new algorithms presented here are based on the computation of the constant null-spaces of block Toeplitz matrices associated to the analysed polynomial matrix. For computing these null-spaces we apply standard numerical linear algebra methods such as the singular value decomposition or the QR factorization. We also study the application of fast methods like the generali...