Reading experiences of children in different contexts

O objetivo desta pesquisa de mestrado foi identificar e analisar as experiências de leitura – referente ao texto escrito – constituídas no contexto escolar e extraescolar que foram narradas por quatro estudantes. Para isso, foram selecionados dois alunos e duas alunas do quinto ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola que pertence à rede pública de ensino da cidade de Catalão (GO). A metodologia pautou-se no estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico. O aporte teórico fundamentou-se nos conceitos de experiência, a partir de Larrosa (1996, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009), Dewey (2007, 2010) e Benjamin (1994), e de leitura, a partir das obras de Chartier (1996, 1999, 2007), Freire (2003), Soares (1999), Paulino (2001), Kleiman (2002), Yunes (2003), entre outros. As análises mostraram que a leitura no contexto escolar estava vinculada a um pragmatismo, em especial ao cumprimento de atividades como apresentação de história lida e uso do livro didático relacionado à cópia. No entanto, esse contexto contribuiu para a constituição das experiências de leitura, pois, por meio de sua biblioteca, a escola colocava os materiais de leitura à disposição dos alunos, que faziam suas escolhas e liam segundo seus interesses. Quanto às experiências de leitura nos contextos extraescolares, verificou-se que tanto a biblioteca da escola quanto as bibliotecas públicas e privadas do município foram fundamentais para fomentar a leitura, ao fornecer aos estudantes os materiais de leitura que foram lidos em momentos de espera nestes locais ou em casa. Constatou-se também que as experiências de leitura se constituíram principalmente por meio de materiais impressos – como livros e gibis. Além disso, comprovou-se que as experiências estavam relacionadas aos anseios particulares e subjetivos dos alunos, em especial à socialização/interação familiar, às expectativas futuras dos alunos, ao divertimento e ao acolhimento. Desse modo, as leituras “acontecidas” no tempo de espera, de ócio, de aguardar o fim de um tempo até o início de outro, tanto no contexto escolar quanto nos extraescolares, foram significativas para a constituição das experiências de leitura, pois conseguiram tocar e deixar marcas nos leitores.The aim of this master thesis was to identify and analyze the reading experiences ‒ referring to the written text ‒ established at the school and extra school contexts that were narrated by four students. In order to do this, we selected two male and two female students from the fifth year of elementary school in a school that belongs to the public education system of the city of Catalão (GO). The methodology was based on a case study of ethnographic kind. The theoretical framework was based on the concepts of experience, from Larrosa (1996, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009), Dewey (2007, 2010) and Benjamin (1994), and reading, from the works of Chartier (1996, 1999, 2007), Freire (2003), Soares (1999), Paulino (2001), Kleiman (2002), Yunes (2003), among others. The analysis showed us that the reading in the school context was tied to pragmatism, especially to the accomplishment of activities such as presentation of read stories and use of textbooks related to the copy. However, this context contributed to the establishment of the reading experiences because through its library the school put the reading materials available to the students, who, in their turn, made their choices and read according to their interests. Concerning the reading experiences in extra school contexts, we verified that both the school library and the public and private libraries of the city were crucial to encourage reading, providing students with reading materials that were read in waiting times, not only in these places but also at home. We also observed that the reading experiences were constituted mainly through printed materials – as books and comics. Besides, we proved that the experiences were related to the particular and subjective wishes of the students, especially to the familiar socialization/interaction, as well as to the future expectations of the students, to entertainment and welcoming. Thus, the “happened” readings in the waiting and idle times, in waiting for the end of a time until the beginning of other, in the school and extra school contexts, were significant for the establishment of reading experiences, because they achieved to touch and leave marks in the readers