On linearly related sequences of difference derivatives of discrete orthogonal polynomials

Proceedings of: OrthoQuad 2014. Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain. January 20–24, 2014Let ν be either ω∈C∖{0} or q∈C∖{0,1} , and let Dν be the corresponding difference operator defined in the usual way either by Dωp(x)=p(x+ω)−p(x)ω or Dqp(x)=p(qx)−p(x)(q−1)x . Let U and V be two moment regular linear functionals and let {Pn(x)}n≥0 and {Qn(x)}n≥0 be their corresponding orthogonal polynomial sequences (OPS). We discuss an inverse problem in the theory of discrete orthogonal polynomials involving the two OPS {Pn(x)}n≥0 and {Qn(x)}n≥0 assuming that their difference derivatives Dν of higher orders m and k (resp.) are connected by a linear algebraic structure relation such as ∑Mi=0ai,nDmνPn+m−i(x)=∑Ni=0bi,nDkνQn+k−i(x),n≥0, Turn MathJax off where M,N,m,k∈N∪{0} , aM,n≠0 for n≥M , bN,n≠0 for n≥N , and ai,n=bi,n=0 for i>n . Under certain conditions, we prove that U and V are related by a rational factor (in the ν− distributional sense). Moreover, when m≠k then both U and V are Dν -semiclassical functionals. This leads us to the concept of (M,N) - Dν -coherent pair of order (m,k) extending to the discrete case several previous works. As an application we consider the OPS with respect to the following Sobolev-type inner product ⟨p(x),r(x)⟩λ,ν=⟨U,p(x)r(x)⟩+λ⟨V,(Dmνp)(x)(Dmνr)(x)⟩,λ>0, Turn MathJax off assuming that U and V (which, eventually, may be represented by discrete measures supported either on a uniform lattice if ν=ω , or on a q -lattice if ν=q ) constitute a (M,N) - Dν -coherent pair of order m (that is, an (M,N) - Dν -coherent pair of order (m,0) ), m∈N being fixed.We are grateful to Prof. Francisco Marcellán for his valuable comments and remarks that helped us to improve the paper. This work was supported by Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain, under grants MTM2012-36732-C03 (RAN, NCP-C, JP), Junta de Andalucía (Spain) under grants FQM262, FQM-7276, and P09-FQM-4643 (RAN), FEDER funds (RAN