Oxygen has shaped life on Earth. Enriching its gaseous form in water then in the atmosphere has allowed the development of multicellular and terrestrial life leading to current biodiversity. This could have taken place thanks to the implementation of the process of the oxidative photosynthesis in living organisms. The latter first appeared in bacteria before being subtilized by nucleated life forms. This action was realized by enslaving the bacterium and keeping it inside the nucleated organism by a phenomenon called endosymbiosis. Different endosymbioses have occurred in history, attributing the ability of photosynthesis to a wide panel of living beings. The aim of this thesis is to study the transmission of photosynthesis in eukaryotic or...