Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Aggressiveness

Recently, the problem of 'Food Safety' is happened in Taiwan frequently. Therefore, people in Taiwan today pay more attention about 'Corporate Social Responsibility.'In the past, the only responsibility for Corporation is to try its best to earn profit as more as possible for shareholders. However the society aware that a corporate could be voluntary concerned for society and the environment and ingrate into the relevance of its business activities and shareholders. The ultimate goal of corporation is to achieve sustainability in business. So how to achieve a win-win between corporate profits and benefits to the society has become the subject for corporation right now. If the tax burden is seen by Corporate as the important cost and expense, it can increase the fund's fluidity and enhance the investor and shareholder's benefit from tax aggressive. On the other side, the Government would make losses on tax revenue if Corporate engage in tax aggressive,so it can't obtain enough funds to sustain Public Constructions. Thus, the Corporate who try to engage in tax aggressive is considered as an unethical action in Society. A fair Tax payment becomes an issue of CSR. In our research, we select the sample from 2005 to 2014, which is award for CSR issued by Global Views Monthly, Common Wealth Magazine, BSCD-Taiwan, which exclude the industry of Securities Business, Finance, and Insurance, are used to test the relation between CSR and tax aggressive. We also use the Propensity Score Matching method to control the Corporate sample and use them to research the relation with tax aggressive. Our research use the Ordinary Least Square and Fixed Effect Model, and we find the evidence that the relationship between CSR and Effective Tax Rate is significantly positive, and CSR and MPBTD and DDBTD is significantly negative. Therefore, the evidence we find that the CSR corporates are less tax aggressive than Non-CSR corporates. CSR corporates will consider to stakeholders' benefit, avoiding to do the unethical action. Therefore, CSR corporates pay fair tax to government and not to be tax aggressiveness, to fulfill it duty of Social Citizen.近年來台灣食品衛生安全的問題頻傳，企業社會責任在台灣受關注的程度逐漸升高。過往企業的責任僅在於賺取最大的利潤回饋給股東，然而現今社會開始關注，企業是否會自願性的將其對社會及環境的關懷，融入其商業活動與股東之間的關聯性。企業的終極目標在於實現永續經營，因此如何達成企業獲利與社會獲益的雙贏，成為了現今企業的課題。 若將租稅負擔視為企業的重要成本與費用，企業從事租稅規避將能夠有效增加資金上的流動性，並增加投資者與股東的利益。然而租稅收入的減少，將使得國家投入建設的資金大量流失，因此未確實繳納應付稅負將讓企業背上對於社會不負責任的名聲，因此繳納確實的稅負，亦成為了企業對於社會責任的議題。 本研究以台灣自2005-2014年獲得遠見企業社會責任獎、天下企業公民獎、台灣企業永續獎的企業作為具社會責任公司之樣本，測試企業社會責任與租稅規避之間的關聯性。本研究排除證券業、金融與保險業，並以傾向分數配對法控制公司，以比較具有社會責任之企業是否較無從事租稅規避的行為。本研究採用普通最小平方法(Ordinary Least Squares)，實證結果顯示，獲得企業社會責任獎之企業與有效稅率呈現顯著正相關並與財稅差異與剩餘財稅差異呈現顯著負相關，表示獲得企業社會責任獎之企業與未獲獎之企業相較之下，從事租稅規避的程度較低。因CSR會考量公司利害關係人之權益，避免從事不具社會得到責任之負面行為。故CSR企業善盡社會公民的義務，較能誠實納稅，較無租稅規避之現象。目次 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與背景 1 第二節 研究目的與貢獻 3 第三節 研究架構與流程 4 第二章 文獻探討 6 第一節 企業社會責任的定義 6 第二節 租稅規避為公司帶來的成本與效益 17 第三節 租稅規避與企業社會責任之探討 19 第三章 研究設計 23 第一節 研究假說 23 第二節 變數定義 24 第三節 實證模型 30 第四章 實證結果 34 第一節 樣本取樣與資料來源 34 第二節 實證結果 36 第五章 敏感性測試 52 第六章 結論與建議 79 第一節 研究結論 79 第二節 研究限制及建議 80 參考文獻 82 中文部分 82 西文部分 8