A study Adapting the Discourse Completion Test on Japanese Preliminary Remark 'noda' used by JFL and Native Japanese Speakers

[[abstract]]本研究宗旨在分析學習者在會話時對「前置語noda」的使用。因為使用「前置語noda」前面沒有放其他句子，比「原因說明」或「強調」學習困難。「前置語noda」是用來引導出放在後句「想說的事物」時所放在前句使用的一種文法，如：當A說 ‘我昨天去了超商’ A其實是要接著表示說 ‘在那裡遇到明星’，這就是所謂的「前置語noda」。本研究採用問卷調查，問卷會以兩種方式為導向，一是談話內容而另一是以敘述式，將「noda」句及「masu」句之間的差異性作為問題。探討日語程度較高的台灣人對於「前置語noda」的理解及使用程度。進而探討台灣的日語學習者與日語母語者使用上的差異程度。 從談話內容知道以下的結果 台灣的日語學習者和日語母語者相比較之下，台灣的日語學習者能夠正確使用句子的占少部分。在所有的問題裡，不只台灣的日語學習者，日語母語者也有在「前置語noda」的使用上有「不自然的會話」。特別是在日常慣性行為使用的問題，如：「上廁所」或「早餐吃麵包」之後所要完成的後續對話，不自然的回答居多。另一方面，使用「依賴」和「勸誘」容易預測「本來想述說的事物」的句子裡，可以看出正確回答的人居多。此外，在判斷對話是否自然，有些對話者不自然的使用「前置語noda」含有笑話或諷刺，這將取決於對話者的個性、背景或是情感表達 根據問卷調查，27%台灣的日語學習者對於「前置語noda」會有「話題持續中」等的正確含義。但是能正確說明出「前置語noda」的使用方法的只佔3%的人。也就是說台灣的日語學習者沒有完全理解「前置語noda」的用法。 如果聽者沒有注意到說話者的「前置語noda」句的使用而隨便回答的話，會讓人覺得很失禮。另一方面，「前置語noda」是一種「讓聽者期待會話的內容」的會話技巧外，也能讓會話以「意想不到的方式」進行，進而使對方「樂衷於對話」的一種會話技巧。所以，為使日語學習者的會話更為通順，筆者認為無論是中級日語及高級日語的課程中都需將「前置語noda」導入課程中。[[abstract]]The aim of this thesis is to explore the usage of the preliminary marks "noda" in spoken Japanese for Taiwanese learners The preliminary marks "noda" is used when there is something that a speaker would like to imply It is difficult for the learner of Japanese to distinguish the difference between the use of "noda" as a way to emphasize or explain an idea and the preliminary marks "noda" which is used to imply that there is more to the statement There are two questionnaires used in this thesis: one is a conversation-oriented questionnaire namely the Discourse Completion Test and the other is a descriptive questionnaire about the differences between "masu" ending sentences and "noda" ending sentences According to the Discourse Completion Test Taiwanese learners got less correct answers than Japanese native speakers did Also in all the questions not only Taiwanese learners but also Japanese native speakers made unnatural responses when the preliminary marks "noda" was used The unnatural responses were found especially in the discourse completion questions which have common use language such as "went to the bathroom" or "had bread for breakfast " Many unnatural responses were given because it is hard to anticipate what a speaker is really trying to convey when using the preliminary marks "noda" On the other hand there were more correct answers given in questions where “noda” was used to imply an invitation or request from the speaker meaning these concepts appear easier to understand According to the descriptive questionnaire only 27% of Taiwanese learners in the study understood the nuance of the preliminary marks “noda” to indicate that the speaker has something more that they’re trying to imply However only 3% answered all of the questions regarding the usage of the preliminary marks “noda” This finding shows that some Taiwanese learners may understand the nuance of the preliminary marks “noda” but very few of them understand the usage of i