Izkustvo in struktura. O konstrukciji psihoanalitične vednosti

Departing from the four propositions (“there is no theoretical psychoanalysis”; “there is no applied psychoanalysis”; “there is no theory of the unconscious”, “the analytical approach is not mathematical”), the text tackles the relationship between theory and praxis in psychoanalysis. It starts with the relationship between science and psychoanalysis in Freud and continues with Lacan’s return to Freud. Lacan actually has two perspectives on psychoanalytical theory. The first, the “theory of the structure of the subject”, is closer to Freud, whereas the second understands theory as a theory of psychoanalytical praxis or discourse. Lacan was the first analyst since Freud who elevated the problem of theory to its most difficult level, the level of concepts, and pointed out that the very preservation and restoration of psychoanalysis hinges upon the concepts of its experience. But the problem is that, for late Lacan, psychoanalysis is praxis, “praxis for well-being”, and that this stance has many consequences. One of them concerns the relationship between theory and praxis, which does not disappear completely, but is reelaborated. The concept of theory does not concern the “knowledge of the master”, but the knowledge of the structure. This still poses the questions “what is a good theoretician” and which desire or which symptom in a particular subject makes possible and sustains such an elaboration of knowledge.Tekst izhajajoč iz štiri propozicij (»ni »teoretske« psihoanalize, ni »aplicirane« psihoanalize, ni teorije nezavednega, analitični prijem ni matematičen) obravnava razmerje med teorijo in prakso. Preko obravnave razmerja med psihoanalizo in znanostjo pri Freudu pridemo do Lacanove vrnitve k Freudu, pri čemer je mogoče izpostaviti dve Lacanovi perspektivi o tem, kaj je psihoanalitična teorija. Prva, »teorija subjektove strukture«, Lacana približa Freudu, druga razume teorijo kot teorijo psihoanalitične prakse oziroma nekega diskurza. Lacan je prvi analitik po Freudu, ki postavi problem teorije na najzahtevnejšo raven, raven konceptov in izpostavi, kako zelo se ohranitev in obnova psihoanalize umešča v odvisnost od konceptov tega izkustva. Problem pa je v tem, da je za Lacana psihoanaliza praksa, »praksa za boljše počutje«, kar ima številne konsekvence. Eno izmed njih zadeva razmerje med teorijo in prakso, ki ne izgine povsem, je pa povsem predelano, pojem teorije ne zadeva »gospodarjeve vednosti«, temveč vednost o strukturito pa postavlja vprašanje »kaj je dober teoretik« in katera želja oziroma simptom pri nekem subjektu podpira in omogoči takšno elaboracijo vednosti