Simulations in the field of quantum nanoelectronics are often restricted to a quasi one-dimensional geometries where the device is connected to the macroscopic world with one-dimensional electrodes. This thesis presents novel numerical methods that lift many of these restrictions, in particular rendering realistic simulations of three-dimensional systems possible.The first part introduces a robust and efficient algorithm for computing bound states of infinite tight-binding systems that are made up of a scattering region connected to semi-infinite leads. The method is formulated in close nalogy to the wave-matching approach used to compute the scattering matrix. It also allows one to calculate edge or surface states, e.g. the so-called Ferm...