Influence of agroecological factors on different localities on yield and chemical properties of corn grain

Kukuruz (lat. Zea mays L.) je biljka koja je introducirana u Europu u krajem 15. stoljeća. Ima više od 1000 namjena, a u zadnjim desetljećima sve se više koristi za proizvodnju bioplina. U SAD-u se najviše koristi upravo u tu svrhu, dok se u Europi i dalje najviše koristi za stočnu ishranu. Kukuruz je izvornim arealom tropska biljka, ali se genetikom i agrotehničkim mjerama može osigurati njezino uzgajanje u većim rasponima područja i njihovim agroklimatskim čimbenicima. Pretpostavka je da klimatski čimbenici, lokaliteti, gustoća sklopa, godine uzgoja i različitost hibrida utječu na prinos zrna i etanola. Proizvodnja etanola iz kukuruza može biti iz cijele biljke ili iz zrna. Proizvodnja iz zrna je isplatljivija jer su jeftiniji enzimi za proizvodnju. Osim etanola u procesu proizvodnje nastaju i drugi korisni nusproizvodi. Provedba pokusa bila je na 3 lokacije u 2 godine uzastopno. Korištena su 6 hibrida, po dva od tri proizvođača. Proučavanje dobivanja etanola obavljalo se tzv. Lemuz metodom. Terenskim, laboratorijskim i statističkim metodama utvrđeno je da agroekološki čimbenici utječu na prinos zrna, ali ne i etanola; da gustoća sklopa utječe na prinos zrna, a neznačajno na prinos etanola; da namjenski hibridi ne ostvaruju veći prinos etanola, ali ostvaruju veći prinos zrna; i da hibridi kasnijih FAO grupa ostvaruju manji prinos zrna, ali isti im je prinos etanola.Corn (lat. Zea mays L.) is a plant that was introduced to Europe in the late 15th century. It has more than 1000 uses, and in the last decades it is increasingly used to produce biofuel. In the US it is mainly used for this purpose, while in Europe it is still most used for cattle feeding. Corn is originally a tropical plant, but genetics and agro-technical measures can ensure its cultivation in larger areas and their agro-climatic factors. The assumption is that the climatic factors, the localities, the density of the plant, the growing year and the difference of hybrids affect yield of grain and ethanol. The production of ethanol from corn can be from the whole plant or from the grain. Grain production is more cost-effective because uses cheaper production enzymes. In addition to ethanol in the production process, other useful by-products are also produced. The experiment was performed on 3 locality in 2 line years. 6 hybrids were used, each two from three manufacturers. The study of ethanol yielded was performed with so-called Lemuz method. Field, laboratory and statistical methods have determined that agroecological factors influence yield of grain, but not on the yield of ethanol; that the density of corn planting affects grain yield, but insignificant on the yield of ethanol; that the HTF hybrids do not produce a higher yield of ethanol, but they have less grain yields; and that the hybrids of the later FAO groups had a less grain yield but the same ethanol yield