Genotype and agroecological impacts on the concentrations of microelements and maize grain yield

U ovom istraživanju utvrđen je utjecaj hibrida, godine i lokacije (okolina) na prinos zrna kukuruza, koncentracije željeza (Fe), mangana (Mn), cinka (Zn) i bakra (Cu) u listu i zrnu te sadržaj proteina, ulja i škroba u zrnu kukuruza. Poljski pokus je proveden po slučajnom bloknom raspredu u četiri ponavljanja na dvije lokacije (Osijek i Podgorač), dvije godine (2010. i 2011.) i sa 10 komercijalnih hibrida kukuruza Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek različitih FAO skupina (DRAVA 404, OS 430, OSSK 444, OS 499, OSSK 515, OS 5717, OSSK 552, OSSK 596, OSSK 602 i OSSK 617). Prema pojedinačnim i kombiniranim analizama varijance na prinos zrna su utjecali hibrid (H), lokacija (L) i godina (G) kao i sve međusobne interakcije. Prosječno ostvaren prinos zrna kukuruza u istraživanju iznosio je 8,61 t ha-1. Prosječno najmanji prinos zrna je ostvario hibrid OSSK 552 (8,20 t ha-1), a najveći OS 499 (8,92 t ha-1). Na koncentraciju mikroelemenata u listu i zrnu značajno su utjecali svi istraživani glavni čimbenici dok lokacija nije bila statistički opravdana za koncentraciju Fe odnosno godina za koncentraciju Cu u zrnu. U listu su utvrđene sljedeće prosječne vrijednosti koncentracije mikroelemenata: 131 mg Fe kg-1, 90 mg Mn kg-1, 26,1 mg Zn kg-1 i 7,9 mg Cu kg-1 dok su u zrnu one iznosile: 20,9 mg Fe kg-1, 4,58 mg Mn kg-1, 17,5 mg Zn kg-1 i 1,79 mg Cu kg-1 uz značajna variranja u listu i zrnu. Sadržaj proteina, ulja i škroba je bio pod značajnim utjecajem hibrida, lokacije i godine uz izuzetak utjecaja godine za sadržaj ulja odnosno utjecaja lokacije i godine za sadržaj škroba u zrnu kukuruza. Prosječan sadržaj proteina u zrnu je iznosio 7,88 % uz variranje od 7,51 % (OSSK 596) do 8,69 % (OSSK 444), ulja 3,45 % uz variranje od 3,15 % (OSSK 602) do 3,81 % (OS 430) i škroba 73,0 % uz variranje od 72,5 % (OS 430) do 73,6 % (OS 499 i OSSK 552). Ovaj doktorski rad upućuje na daljnje istraživanje zbog boljeg shvaćanja složenog odnosa genotipova i okoline odnosno fizikalnih i kemijskih svojstava tla i vremenskih prilikaThis study examined effect of hybrids, year and location (environment) on maize grain yield, the concentration of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in leaf and grain and furthermore, protein, oil and starch in maize grain. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block with four replications at two locations (Osijek and Podgorač), during two years (2010 and 2011) and with 10 commercial maize hybrids different FAO groups originating from Agricultural Institute Osijek (DRAVA 404, OS 430, OSSK 444, OS 499, OSSK 515, OS 5717, OSSK 552, OSSK 596, OSSK 602 i OSSK 617). As a result of one-way and a factorial analyzes of variance, maize grain yield were significantly influenced by hybrid (H), location (L) and years (G) and all interaction. The average achieved maize grain yield of experiment was 8.61 t ha-1. Maize hybrid OSSK 552 achieved the smallest average maize grain yield (8.20 t ha-1) and on the contrary the highest maize grain yield had OS 499 hybrid (8.92 t ha-1). Nutrient concentration in leaf and grain were significantly different for all main factors, while the location was not statistically justified only for the Fe grain concentration and year was not statistically justified for Cu grain concentration. The average leaf trace elements concentrations were 131.0 mg Fe kg-1, 90.0 mg Mn kg-1, 26.1 mg Zn kg-1 and 7.9 mg Cu kg-1, whereas grain trace elements concentration were 20.9 mg Fe kg-1, 4.58 mg Mn kg-1, 17.5 mg Zn kg-1 and 1.79 mg Cu kg-1. Protein, oil and starch content in maize grain were significantly affected by hybrids, locations and years with the exception of the year impact of the oil content and the impact location and year on the content of starch in maize grain. The average protein content was 7.88 % with a variation of 7.51 % (OSSK 596) to 8.69 % (OSSK 444), oil content was on average 3.45 % with a variation of 3.15 % (OSSK 602) to 3,81 % (OS 430) and starch content was on average 73.0 % with a variation of 72.5 % (OS 430) to 73.6 % (OS 499 and OSSK 552). This dissertation suggests further research for better understanding of genotypes and environments complex relation