Effect of tillage and fertilization on maize susceptibility to the European corn borer

Kukuruz (Zea mays L.) je najvažnija prosolika žitarica i najraširenija poljoprivredna kultura u svijetu. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi utjecaj obrade tla i gnojidbe na zarazu kukuruza kukuruznim moljcem. Pokus je postavljen u jesen 2020. godine na pokusnim parcelama u Čačincima u istočnoj Hrvatskoj na tipu tla Stagnosol. U istraživanje su uključeni različiti tretmani obrade tla, kalcizaije i gnojidbe. Pokus je postavljen u tri ponavljanja. Tretmani pokusa su: tretman A (obrada tla): standardna obrada (ST) i konzervacijski sustav-plitki (CTS); tretman B (kalcizacija): s kalcizacijom i bez kalcizacije; tretman C (gnojidba): gnojidba prema preporuci (I), gnojidba prema preporuci + Geo2 (II), biougljen (III), biougljen + gnojidba prema preporuci (IV). Disekcija kukruza obavljena je u jesen te su očitani sljedeći parametri: dužina oštećenja stabljike (cm), broj gusjenica u stabljici, dužina oštećenja drške klipa kukuruza (cm), broj gusjenica u dršci klipa kukuruza te masa klipa za svaku biljku pojedinačno. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u dužini oštećenja stabljike kukuruza od gusjenica kukuruznog moljca između parcela s kalcijem i bez kalcija. Na parcelama s kalcijem utvrđeno je 47 % manje oštećenje drške klipa u odnosu na parcele bez kalcija. Također je i broj gusjenica u dršci klipa na parcelama s kalcijem bio 50 % niži u odnosu na parcele bez kalcija. Kod konzervacijskog sustava – plitkog, oštećenje drške klipa je bilo veće za 15 % u odnosu na standardnu obradu, no unatoč većim oštećenjima zabilježena je veća masa klipa na konzervacijskom sustavu plitkom u odnosu na standardnu gnojidbu za 4 %. Na tretmanu gnojidbe s biougljenom + gnojidbe prema preporuci postignuta najveća masa klipa (196,12). Uzimajući u obzir dosadašnja istraživanja kod zaštite kukuruza od kukuruznog moljca bitno je uzeti u obzir sve čimbenike te je moguće iskombinirati različite sustave obrade tla i gnojidbe gdje će se maksimalno očuvati plodnost tla, postići zadovoljavajući prinos i zaraza štetnikom svesti na minimum.Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal and the most widespread agricultural crop in the world. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of tillage and fertilization on the european corn borer appearance (ECB). Field experiment was set up in the fall of 2020 at the experimental station in Čačinci in eastern Croatia on the Stagnosol soil type. Various tillage treatments, calcification and fertilization were included in the research. The experiment was set up in three repetitions. The experimental treatments are: treatment A (tillage): standard tillage (ST) and conservation system-shallow (CTS); treatment B (liming): with and without liming; treatment C (fertilization): fertilization according to recommendation (I), fertilization according to recommendation + Geo2 (II), biochar (III), biochar + fertilization according to recommendation (IV). Dissection was made in October with the following parameters: tunnel length of maize stem (cm), number of larvae in the stem, ear shank damage (cm), number of larvae in ear shank and ear weight (g). There were no statistically significant differences in the tunnel length caused by ECB larvae between plots with liming and without liming. On liming treatment, 47% less ear shank damage was recorded compared to the plots without liming. Also, the number of larvae in ear on liming treatment was 50% lower compared to the plots without liming. Conservation system – shallow show 15% higher ear shank damage compared to the standard tillage, but despite of that recorded ear weight was higher by 4%. There were also no statistically significant differences in the number of larvae between standard and conservation tillage. The obtained results indicate that fertilization treatment with biochar + fertilization according to the recommendation, had the highest ear weight (196.12). It is possible to combine different systems of tillage and fertilization where the fertility of the soil will be preserved to the maximum, a satisfactory yield will be achieved and pest infestation will be reduced to a minimum