One of the leading health challenges worldwide is dementia, the incidence of which is rapidly increasing along with increasing life expectancy. The number of people with dementia is estimated to reach 150 million by 2050. Thus, the estimated financial costs associated will be enormous, and there is tremendous pressure to find better tools for the prevention, early detection and treatments of dementia. The most common neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer´s disease (AD), covering at least 50% of patients with dementia. Other common dementing diseases include vascular dementia (VaD) (20%), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (10%) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (5%). In addition, neuropathological studies have suggested some recent...