The present article enquires about the anthropological meaning of the human being in the biblical context of Creation and human existence. The hypothesis is that the recovery of a few key statements about the human being made in the Holy Scripture could shed new light on some ambiguities and dualisms existing in many contemporary anthropological approaches. A detailed analysis of the Hebrew concept of nefeš shall revisit the Western notion of soul, allied with its overemphasis to the detriment of corporality. On the other hand, the discovery of human being’s personal and fundamental vocation to life as well as of his structural relation with God and his/her fellow humans challenges immanentist, reductionist attitudes, which can see nothing ...