九州における活用型統合の模様とその経緯 : 『方言文法全国地図』九州地域の解釈

立命館大学Ritsumeikan University九州での活用体系は,上一段型・上二段型のラ行五段化,下二段型の保持,ナ変の五段化の傾向が強く,サ変・カ変を除けば五段と二段の二極化とされる。本稿は『方言文法全国地図』の関連図を,(1)活用型によるラ行五段化率の序列,(2)二極化に関する諸事象,の組み合わせから分析し,従来の研究に加え九州に特有の音変化傾向も二極化と地域差の形成に強く関与したことを論じた。また,近世以降の方言文献を参考に,これが近世末辺りから生じたことを推測した。It has been pointed out that in Kyusyu changes in the conjugation system took a unique direction, compared with those in Standard Japanese as well as most Japanese dialects. 1) Kami-Ichidan \u27Upper Mono-grade\u27 and Kami-Nidan \u27Upper Bi-grade\u27 have changed to Godan \u27Quinque-grade\u27 in western, especially southwestern areas. 2) Shimo-Nidan \u27Lower Mono-grade\u27 has been preserved. 3) Nahen \u27Irregular N\u27 has changed to Godan in western areas. The purpose of this paper is to examine these changes and to study what caused these phenomena by analyzing language maps in Grammar Atlas Of Japanese Dialects (Hogen-bumpo Zenkoku-chizu). An analysis of numerous maps related to these phenomena has shown that: a) As for 1) and 2), the Kami-Ichidan changed first, and the resultant Godan form occurred over a wide area; the Kami-Nidan changed later and the range was not as wide. The Shimo-Nidan, however has kept its original form over wide areas. b) In the northwestern and eastern areas, not only Shimo-Nidan but also Kami-Nidan has been preserved. The reason for this might well be because traditional volitional forms used in the areas like myu and okyu, which have their "u" form in common with the Nidan form, used in the areas have worked to preserve their original forms. c) The distribution and cause of phenomena 1) and 3) could well be explained by the rhythmic units in western, especially southwestern areas, which are not based on mora but on syllable. Because of the absence of the rhythmic units, 1) and 3) did not occur as oftenin eastern areas. d) Based on an examination of some literature from the Edo era, it can be conclude that phenomena 1) and 3) started around the latter years of the Edo period, and came from specific features of Kyusyu dialect