Evaluación de parámetros productivos y económicos en la alimentación de porcinos en engorda

The objective was to evaluate the production cost for pigs in different stages from farrow-to-finish that were fed with commercial and not commercial diets. 28 Landrace-Yorkshire pigs were used (males and females) at an initial weight of 14.028 ± 2.587 kg and were distributed in three diets: 1) commercial feed 1; 2) commercial feed 2; and 3) not commercial feed. The experiment was developed for 86 days. The evaluated variables for each one of the production stages were: initiation weight gain (IWG), final weight gain (FWG), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC) and the cost of the feed for kg of live weight gained ($/kg LWG). The data was analyzed through a variance analysis after a randomized design, using the initial weight as covariable. There were no significant differences in the studied variables at the first fattening and second fattening stages (P>0.05). At the development stage, diet 2 (commercial feed 2) was the most efficient (P<0.05). But there was no difference in FC between treatment 2 and 3, and it was the lowest in T1. Feed cost per kg of weight gain was lower with diet 3 compared to diet 1 and 2 at starting, growing and finishing stage. It is concluded that in the same conditions, it is feasible to make a complete feed formula based on available raw materials that covers all the porcine requirements maintaining the productive variables at a lower cost compared to the commercial feeds.El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo y costo alimenticio de porcinos en diferentes etapas, alimentados con dietas comerciales y una no comercial. Se utilizaron 28 lechones (hembras y machos) F1 Landrace x Yorkshire con un peso inicial promedio de 14.028 ± 2.587 kg, distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres dietas experimentales: 1) comercial 1; 2) comercial 2; y 3) no comercial. El experimento se desarrolló durante 86 días, ofreciendo el alimento a libre acceso previamente pesado y midiendo lo rechazado. Las variables evaluadas fueron: ganancia diaria de peso por etapas: [iniciación (GDPI), desarrollo (GDPD) y finalización (GDPF)]; conversión alimenticia por etapas (CA) y el costo de alimentación por kilogramo de peso vivo producido por etapas ($/kg PVP). Los datos fueron analizados con análisis de varianza bajo un diseño completamente al azar, utilizando peso inicial como covariable. Para GDPD, comercial 2 resultó ser más eficiente 906±129 gr (P<0.05). Para CA no hubo diferencia entre comercial 2 y no comercial, 2.68 y 2.61 respectivamente, siendo diferente comercial 1 2.94 (P<0.05). El $/kg de PVP (MN) en las etapas de iniciación, desarrollo y finalización, 9.42, 10.12 y 15.97 fue menor en la dieta no comercial (P