Social Solidarity and Anomie : the construction of Durkheim's theories of reorganisation of society

デュルケームの「社会再組織化論」の諸側面を、「社会的連帯の確保」という彼の問題関心に即して原理的に把握する。正常-病理判断の方法論は、「社会体の一般的健康」という当時の社会理想の「合理化」の方策であり、その中心課題は社会的連帯への対応関係を選択的に強調して社会的諸制度の機能的連関を確定することであった。社会再組織化論は、有機的連帯論から多元的な結合原理の統合の理論へと発展するが、職業集団論をそれら諸原理の結節点としてとらえ、特に「個別主義的」結合と「普遍主義的」結合の統合の問題を抽出する。さらに、アノミー状態の社会的連帯に対する逆機能的対応関係を中心的関心としたアノミー論の分析枠組を提出する。 結論的に、「社会的連帯」の欲求に対する対応関係への関心をデュルケームと共有しながら、アノミー発生の原因と過程の分析を、個々の社会状況に応じて特殊化するという、アノミー論の継承の方向を示す。Some aspects of Durkheim's "theories of reorganization of society" are explored according to his main concern : "security of social solidarity". Normal-pathological judgement is a means to "rationalize" the social ideal of those days such as "the general health of social body". The central problem of the means is to define the functional relations among social institutions, by emphasising selectively their correspondence to the need of "social solidarity". The theories of reorganization of society developed from the theory of organic solidarity into the theory of integration of plural association principles. We understand the theory of professional group as connective point of those principles. And, especially, the problem of integration of "particularistic" and "universalistic" association is stressed. Then we present the frame of analysis of theory of anomie, the central issue of which is dysfunctional correspondence to the need of "social solidarity". In conclusion, we suggest the orientation of succession of the theory of anomie. It specializes the analysis of cause and process of the occurrence of anomie, according to situation of each society, but the concern about correspondence to the social need, namely "social solidarity", is common to that of Durkheim