Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a huge epidemiological problem in the world and the annual incidence of patients ending to dialysis has been increasing by 5-8 %. It is estimated that the number of haemodialysis (HD) patients in the world from 1.1 million in 2001 will increase to 2 million in 2010 and the global cost will exceed 1 trillion USD in 2010. The proportion of patients in the general population of USA with CKD stages 1-5 accounts to nearly 11%, which is 60-times more compared to the number of patients starting HD, indicating that a large number of patients with CKD in the general population is asymptomatic, while a large number of these patients will die from cardiovascular disease before receiving renal repl...