National audienceThe criticism of utilitarianism formulated by the new theories of justice does not necessarily mean that the idea of territorial optimum is to be given up. On the contrary, it leads to the enrichment of a concept that has now become crucial in the context of the current democracy crisis. By applying the theories of justice to geographical issues, one may formalize and clarify the different priorities a society might pursue in terms of well-being. Territorial optimization consists less in maximizing well-being than in choosing the suitable criteria to achieve a fair distribution of spatial goods.La remise en cause de l'utilitarisme par les nouvelles théories libérales de la justice politique ne conduit pas à abandonner l'idé...