Rethinking Anti-Military-Base Social Movements in Okinawa

本文首先描述沖繩抗爭的輪廓，並以第三波沖繩抗爭中帳篷村、高江地區和反戰地主，比較三個例子之間的異同。繼而檢視日本國族主義，並討論沖繩人如何面對日本國族主義的收編和定位自身位置的過程。最後，透過上述的討論，提出當前沖繩反軍事基地社會運動的參與者，為何堅持使用非暴力手段進行抗爭的原因，以及，沖繩民眾如何透過和平、非暴力的社會運動方法，剝除日本國族主義於論述邏輯上的束縛；並在重層爭論與挪用的過程裡，包覆參與社會運動的日本人與沖繩人之間的矛盾，實踐且形塑出屬於沖繩社會運動的主體性。This article first reviews three representative social movements in the third wave of the Okinawa Struggle and discusses their similarities and differences. After depicting these three social movements, I scrutinize Japanese nationalism and Okinawan distinctiveness, including why people in Okinawa insist on non-violent means of resistance. In the process, I hope to show that, through peaceful, anti-war, non-violent means and goals, Okinawans interact with and connect to Japanese mainlanders and other social movements worldwide. This makes social movements in Okinawa remain vigorous, despite pressure from the Japanese government and Japanese nationalism. Furthermore, this process also creates Okinawans’ subjectivity and the possibility of surpassing the constraints of the state