Procedures for translating terms in translations of legal acts of the European Union into the Lithuanian language

Straipsnyje keliama prielaida, kad verčiant tam tikrus tekstus į lietuvių kalbą terminai dažniau yra išverčiami padėmeniui, o ne parenkami lietuviški atitikmenys, kaip reikalauja lietuvių terminologijos teorija. Prielaidai pagrįsti analizuojami trijuose Europos Sąjungos dokumentų vertimuose į lietuvių kalbą vartojami terminai. Visi trys dokumentai išversti Europos Komisijos Vertimo raštu generalinio direktorato Lietuvių kalbos departamento vertėjų 2013–2014 m. ir paskelbti elektroninėje ES dokumentų bazėje EUR-Lex (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ homepage.html?locate=lt)1. Nagrinėjant pasirinktų tekstų terminus išskiriama 12 terminų vertimo būdų. Jie įvardijami lietuviškais terminais. Diegti lietuvišką terminologijos terminiją – dar vienas straipsnio tikslų. Taip pat pagrindinei straipsnio prielaidai pagrįsti pateikiama nagrinėtų terminų vertimo būdų statistika. Galiausiai aptariamos požiūrio į terminokūrą kaip į terminų vertimą ir vertimo būdų taikymo terminologijos darbe galimos problemos ir perspektyvos.For some time now, English has been a worldwide lingua franca in economics, technology, politics and many other fields. It has also become the default language for the drafting of legal acts in the European Union. Regulation No 1/58 requires all EU legal acts to be published in the 24 official languages of the EU. When translating these texts, translators are expected to follow certain procedures and stick to certain principles. The reliability and legal consistency of terminology is a priority and the best way to achieve this is to translate terms with meaningful components at lexical, word formation and grammar levels. In this way, English terms become a basis for national terms. If one regards national terms as building blocks of texts translated from English, it becomes possible to analyse the strategies (procedures) for translating such terms, to determine the level of conformity between corresponding terms in the original language (ORI) and the target language (TARG), and to pick out trends in terminology. I have identified 12 terminology translation procedures on the basis of ideas from a number of researchers and from my own experience. Half of them, such as equivalence, adjustment, amplification, indicate equivalence between terms at the semantic and formal levels, while the other half involve some deviation from the uniform representation of the concept, e. g. substitution, replacement, addition. The current research takes three documents translated in 2013 and 2014 in the Lithuanian Department of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation and analyses 228 pairs of terms, excluding duplicates. In over 80 % of the cases, the equivalence of ORI and TARG terms was demonstrated and 13.6 % could be considered as distinct at the formal level, though corresponding to the same concept. Two of the procedures - metaphorisation and demetaphorisation - were excluded from the results, as they require more complex translation procedures and should be dealt with separately. Comprehensive analysis of translated terminology would allow the compilation of an inventory of term translation procedures, which would be a helpful tool for translators when translating a new terminology