The Study of Korean Occupational Index (2014)

본 연구의 목적을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관리직, 사회·판매 및 개인 서비스직, 농림어업직의 현직자와 관련 전문가를 대상으로 직업지표 조사를 실시하여 우리나라 직업분석에 필요한 자료를 확보한다. 둘째, 2013년과 2014년에 확보한 전체 직업에 대한 자료를 바탕으로 우리나라 직업들의 현황과 10년 후 전망을 제시한다. 셋째, 양성평등, 단시간근무, 숙련수준, 직무만족도 등 직업과 관련된 쟁점을 분석하고, 정책 과제를 도출한다. 넷째, 2007년 이후 한국직업능력개발원에서 확보한 직업지표 조사결과를 바탕으로 직업세계의 변화 양상을 분석하고 변화 추세를 파악한다. 다섯째, 일반 국민들에게 직업의 현황과 전망을 소개하는 직업정보서로 『2014 한국의 직업지표』(연구자료)를 편찬한다.This study was conducted in the fourth year of “The study of Korean Occupational Index (2011-2015).” The purpose of this study can be summarized as follows. First, to collect the data for analyzing Korean occupations by doing a occupational index survey of the working people who are in the position or the experts related to the occupations of social, sales and personal services, administrations, and agriculture, forestry and fishery Second, to present the current state and after-10-year prospect of occupations by researching and analyzing of Occupational Index. Third, to analyze issues related to occupation, such as gender equality, short-time working, occupational complexity, and job satisfaction, and to draw policy tasks. Fourth, to show the changing trend of the world of work by analyzing the research data of Korean Occupational Index started since 2007. Fifth, to publish“2014 Korean Occupational Index”(sourcebook) as informational book for introducing the current state and the prospect of occupation to the people. The research project was proceeded as the following 7 steps. The domestic and abroad literature review, the survey research of Korean Occupational Index, conducting FGI (Focus Group Interview), analyzing basic occupational index, analyzing applied occupational index, publishing sourcebook, and policy proposal. The survey data collected in 2013-2014 was analyzed this year. 209 occupations of engineer, construction, and production in 2013, and 203 occupations of administration, social, sales, or personal service, and agriculture, forestry and fishery were investigated in 2014. Judge and prosecutor showed the highest score of the basic occupational index among subdivisional occupations. The following occupations are lawyer, general practitioner, aircraft pilot, medical specialist, food/textile engineering and energy tester (energy field), oriental doctor, and dentist. Of the upper ranked occupations, health and medical related jobs such as general practitioner, medical specialist, oriental doctor, and dentist hold the largest part. Occupations of law/police/fire protection/prison government form the second largest part. For 10-year prospect, food/textile engineering and energy tester (energy field) had the highest score of the basic occupational index. gas/energy technician and researcher, health/hygiene and environment inspector, aircraft maintenance are followed in sequence. The applied occupational indices such as occupational complexity, core competencies, job satisfaction, job turnover, work-life balance, and short-time working were studied considering necessity, related literature, survey results, and related issues. Based on this study, the following policies were proposed. First, the intervention through policies is needed to resolve the mismatch between educational supply and industrial demand. The information about the comparison between the scale of educational supply and that of industrial demand should be provided to the educational authorities, students, and school parents. Second, more diverse core competencies of occupational groups, occupations, and jobs should be discovered by analyzing the multiple year data of core competencies classified by occupations together with applied occupational index in depth. Third, various way to improve job satisfaction need to be invented and carried out in order to make working people content with their work life. Fourth, reflecting positive labor market policy, training program in new promising fields of work should be offered to deal with involuntary turnover caused by the change of industrial structure. Fifth, institutional framework to improve currently practiced program for supporting housework and childcare should be suggested after finding out obstacles in actual utilization. Sixth, experts who know abilities of the disabled in performing their job and characteristics according to types of disability should participate the survey of Korean Occupational Index and projects to invent occupations suitable to the disabled. Seventh, professions suitable to short-time working and a model of employment switching need to be developed. It is necessary in encouraging short-time working of senior and career-discontinued women. Eighth, a systematic research focused on qualitative aspects of occupations should be conducted for viewing the current state and future prospect of the world of work.요 약 제1장 서 론_1 제1절 연구의 필요성 및 목적 3 제2절 직업지표의 구성 6 제3절 연구방법과 연구범위 11 제2장 해외의 직업지표 현황_27 제1절 미국의 직업지표 사례 29 제2절 영국의 직업지표 사례 35 제3절 호주의 직업지표 사례 43 제4절 독일의 직업지표 사례 50 제5절 일본의 직업지표 사례 57 제6절 소결 67 제3장 한국의 기초 직업지표 분석_69 제1절 종합 기초 직업지표 71 제2절 영역별 직업지표 76 제3절 주요 영역 간 교차비교 90 제4절 10년 후의 직업전망 98 제5절 한국의 직업지표 추세와 변화 124 제6절 소결 156 제4장 직종별 특성 분석_159 제1절 관리 및 경영재무직 161 제2절 사회 서비스직 181 제3절 판매 및 개인 서비스직 202 제4절 엔지니어·건설·생산직 231 제5절 농림어업 관련직 239 제6절 소결 247 제5장 한국의 응용 직업지표 분석_249 제1절 숙련수준 251 제2절 핵심역량 261 제3절 직무만족도 281 제4절 이직 292 제5절 일·가정의 균형 299 제6절 장애인 적합정도 309 제7절 단시간근무 322 제8절 소결 341 제6장 정책 제언_343 SUMMARY_371 참고문헌_375 부 록_383 한국의 직업지표 개발을 위한 조사 설문지 385 설문조사 통계 자료 처리 절차 393 중분류 직업군에 따른 응답자 특성 394 기초 직업지표 주요 영역의 교차비교 결과 400 핵심역량 영역별 상·하위 직업 41