We investigate in this thesis some molecular models and some multiscale methods for the numerical simulation of materials.The first part (chapters 2, 3 and 4) is devoted to an atomistic modelling. Statistical physics shows that the relevant quantities at the macroscopic scale are phase space averages. Molecular dynamics can be used to compute theseaverages. The time evolution of the system is simulated, that allows one to compute time averages along the trajectories of the system. Under the ergodic assumption, these averages converge in the long time limit to the phase space averages. We study here the convergence rate of the time averages, and provide a numerical analysis of several schemes.In a second part, we study some multiscale approa...