Hypoxia induces mitochondrial fragmentation in pancreatic beta INS-1E cells.

<p><b>A.</b> Representative confocal microscope images of the mitochondrial in pancreatic beta INS-1E cellsafter treatment with hypoxia at different oxygen levels (3% or 1% O₂ for 24 h) as indicated. Scale bars, 10 μm.<b>B.</b>The proportion of pancreatic beta INS-1E cellswith tubulated, intermediate, and fragmented mitochondria was quantified. <b>C.</b> Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the mitochondrialin INS-1Ecells treated as indicated. Scale bars, 0.5 μm. <b>D.</b>Image J was used for mitochondrial length quantification in INS-1Ecells treated as indicated.All experiments were repeated three times.*<i>P</i>< 0.05.