The effect of PL on CCL2 release in TNF-α-treated MM-231 (A) and MM-468 (B) cells.

<p>For each cell line, chemokine quantification (pg/mL) was done in four sets of samples. The data points are expressed as the mean ± SEM of two independent studies. The significant difference between the resting vs. TNF-α -activated groups was determined by an unpaired t-test (*), as the same for TNF-α -treated vs. TNF-α + PL-treated cells (#). Significance is considered at ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, ^####p < 0.0001 and ^###p < 0.001.