From 1981 to 2011, Canada, like many other OECD countries, experienced a sharp increase in income inequality. Using income data from the 20% sample of the long-form censuses and the national household survey, this thesis investigates the changing structure and nature of income inequality across Canadian regions. Analysis of these sub-national geographies of inequality suggest an increasing degree of spatial clustering (both high and low values) of inequality along an east-west divide as well as across the urban-rural spectrum, especially within large metropolitan areas and their surroundings. In fact, over the period of study, I find that large metropolitan areas are the main drivers of the observed increase in inequality at the national le...