Dimensions of Inequality in Canada∗

In this paper, we document some features of the distribution of income, con-sumption and wealth in Canada using survey data from many different sources. We find that wage and income inequality has increased substantially over the last 30 years, but that much of this rise was offset by the tax and transfer sys-tem. As a result, the rise in consumption inequality has been relatively mild. We also document that wealth inequality has remained fairly stable since 1999. A comparison of our results—obtained using confidential data—suggests that while some aspects of inequality are well captured by publicly available data, others paint a drastically different picture