Aceh is celebrated for its opposition to foreign domination. Its very identity as a sultanate was based on resistance to the Portuguese in the 16th century, and to Dutch, English and French in the 17th and 18th. In the 19th century the sultanate again provided the last and fiercest resistance to the Dutch advance, and in the 20th to Jakarta. Aceh’s long-standing relationship with Ottoman Turkey, however, provides a startling contrast. The readiness of Acehnese sultans in the 16th and 19th centuries to declare themselves subjects, even ‘ slaves’, of the Ottoman sultan was a tactical device to attract the Turks and deter the Europeans, but also reflected a world-view that the house of Islam should be united under a Caliph, and should resist r...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The relations between the Ottoman empire and the sultanate of Aceh in the sixteenth ce...
Aceh enjoys a reputation as Indonesia’s “Verandah of Mecca,” a place of special piety and devotion t...
Aceh is celebrated for its opposition to foreign domination. Its very identity as a sultanate was ba...
La Turquie en tant que pouvoir alternatif d?Aceh. Aceh est célébré pour son opposition à la dominat...
Aceh is regarded as the strongest ally of the Ottomans in the east, in the 16th century and 17th cen...
I feel the need to divide that into two categories; formal relationships and informal relationships....
I feel the need to divide that into two categories; formal relationships and informal relationships....
I feel the need to divide that into two categories; formal relationships and informal relationships....
In the 16th century, the Aceh sultanate under the rule of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah al-Kahhar requ...
A. C. S. Peacock and Annabel Teh Gallop, eds. 2015. From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Sout...
Aceh is regarded as the strongest ally of the Ottomans in the east, in the 16th century and 17th cen...
The scientific work of this thesis is entitled "Relations of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam with th...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The relations between the Ottoman empire and the sultanate of Aceh in the sixteenth ce...
Aceh enjoys a reputation as Indonesia’s “Verandah of Mecca,” a place of special piety and devotion t...
Aceh is celebrated for its opposition to foreign domination. Its very identity as a sultanate was ba...
La Turquie en tant que pouvoir alternatif d?Aceh. Aceh est célébré pour son opposition à la dominat...
Aceh is regarded as the strongest ally of the Ottomans in the east, in the 16th century and 17th cen...
I feel the need to divide that into two categories; formal relationships and informal relationships....
I feel the need to divide that into two categories; formal relationships and informal relationships....
I feel the need to divide that into two categories; formal relationships and informal relationships....
In the 16th century, the Aceh sultanate under the rule of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah al-Kahhar requ...
A. C. S. Peacock and Annabel Teh Gallop, eds. 2015. From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Sout...
Aceh is regarded as the strongest ally of the Ottomans in the east, in the 16th century and 17th cen...
The scientific work of this thesis is entitled "Relations of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam with th...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The appearance of the Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean and the Straits of Malacca was the starti...
The relations between the Ottoman empire and the sultanate of Aceh in the sixteenth ce...
Aceh enjoys a reputation as Indonesia’s “Verandah of Mecca,” a place of special piety and devotion t...