Anesthetics had minimal effects on the resting microglial cytokine response.

<p>The cytokine response to anesthetic exposures was evaluated in the cell lysate and supernatant fractions of cultured BV-2 microglial cells. In the cell lysates, no changes were found in IL-6 (A) or IL-1β (C) levels after the anesthetic exposures. However, TNF-α levels significantly declined after exposures to 1.2% and 2.4% isoflurane (Iso) and 2% sevoflurane (Sevo) but were significantly elevated after propofol (Prop) (B). IL-10 levels were significantly reduced only with 4% sevoflurane. In the supernatant, significant increases were found in both IL-6 after exposure to 1.2% isoflurane (E), and in TNF-α levels after 4% sevoflurane and propofol (F) and in IL-10 levels after 1.2% isoflurane and 4% sevoflurane (H). No changes were found in IL-1β levels (G). For all graphs, data are expressed as means ± SEM. For all anesthetics, n = 3 culture plates. No significant differences were found between the air controls and the air controls with DMSO and the control data were combined (n = 6). Significance was determined for both analyses by 1-way analysis of variance with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (control compared to all columns). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. SEM indicates standard error of the mean.