MAPK are activated upon MTBITC exposure.

<p>Cells were lysed and total lysate subjected to immunoblotting. <b>a)</b> HCC cells were treated with 25 µM MTBITC or the solvent control (0.1% DMSO) for the indicated time points. HepG2 cells (<b>b</b>) or human hepatocytes (<b>c</b>) were treated with MTBITC for 3 h at the indicated concentrations. Representative blots are shown. Each blot was reprobed with anti-β-actin antibody to ensure equal protein loading. <b>d)</b> Primary normal human hepatocytes were not adversely affected by MTBITC, as evident in representative pictures, captured by light microscopy. SC: solvent control = 0.1% DMSO. +, positive control = 0.01% triton X-100. Bar = 100 µm. All panels have the same magnification.