DHA inhibits IL-6 transcription and NFκB transcriptional activity.

<p>A. RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with plasmids containing an 1168-bp IL-6 promoter sequence and luciferase reporter gene for 24 h. After the transfection, the macrophages were treated with 1 ng/ml of LPS, 100 μM of PA or both LPS and PA for 24 h and cellular firefly and renilla luciferase activities were assayed. The ratios of firefly vs. renilla luciferase were calculated. * vs. cells with the same treatment in the absence of DHA, <i>p</i><0.01. B. RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with DNA construct containing the tandem repeats of NFκB transcriptional response element in the promoter and luciferase reporter gene for 24 h. After the transfection, the macrophages were treated with 1 ng/ml of LPS, 100 μM of PA or both LPS and PA for 24 h and cellular firefly and renilla luciferase activities were assayed. The ratios of firefly vs. renilla luciferase were calculated. The ratios of firefly vs. renilla luciferase activity were calculated. * vs. cells with the same treatment in the absence of DHA, <i>p</i><0.01. C. RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with DNA construct containing the tandem repeats of NFκB transcriptional response element in the promoter and luciferase reporter gene for 24 h. After the transfection, the macrophages were treated with 1 ng/ml of LPS or 50 μM of C2-CER for 24 h and cellular firefly and renilla luciferase activities were then assayed. The ratios of firefly vs. renilla luciferase activity were calculated. <i>*</i> vs. +, <i>p</i><0.05; * vs. #, <i>p</i><0.05.