Curcumin reduced TGF-β1-induced PPARγ phosphorylation and reversed the reduction of PPARγ.

<p>HK-2 cells were incubated with curcumin at the indicated dose for 12 hours or rosiglitazone for 1 hour followed by treatment with TGF-β1 for 36 hours. (A) Western blotting analyses for PPARγ and p-PPARγ expression in HK-2 cells. (B) Graphical presentation of the relative expression of PPARγ and p-PPARγ. The values were represented as the density of PPARγ and p-PPARγ vs β-actin (%). The mean ± SD (n = 3) of values were obtained from densitometric analysis of all individual experiments. ^#P<0.05 vs control alone, *P<0.05 vs TGF-β1 alone.