Rotenone-triggered neuronal injury was attenuated by resveratrol in neuron-microglia co-cultures.

<p><b>A.</b> Rat primary mesencephalic neurons were incubated with or without rat primary microglia (PM) using transwell chambers, and the cells were treated with 10 µM resveratrol and/or 30 nM rotenone for 3 days. Cell viability was analyzed using the LDH assay. Data were expressed as the percentage of cell death relative to maximum LDH control. The results are the mean ± SD of three experiments performed in triplicate. ***<i>P<0.001</i> when compared with rotenone-treated cell. <b>B.</b> TH-positive dopaminergic neurons were determined in rotenone- and/or resveratrol-treated rat primary mesencephalic cultures with or without primary microglia. The results for TH positive cells are expressed as a percentage of the mock-treated control cultures. *<i>P = 0.002</i> when compared with rotenone-treated cell; <i>N.S.</i> no significant difference. <b>C-E.</b> Primary neuron-microglia co-cultures were treated with 30 nM rotenone and/or 10 µM resveratrol for 1 day. The morphological changes of dopaminergic neuronal cells were evaluated immunocytochemically using antibodies specific for TH (green) (<b>C</b>). Scale bar = 20 µm. The primary dendrite number (<b>D</b>) and maximal dendrite length (<b>E</b>) of TH-positive neurons were measured using TH immunocytochemistry and AxioVision software. The results expressed as a mean percent change ± SD of the mock-treated control values from three independent experiments. *<i>P = 0.005,</i> **<i>P = 0.031, ***P = 0.002</i>; <i>N.S.,</i> no significant difference.