Levels of insulin signaling cascades in myocardium from low fat (LF) or high fat (HF)-fed C57 mice with or without TUDCA treatment (300 mg/kg for 15 days).

<p>A: pIRS-1-to-IRS-1 ratio; B: pJNK-to-JNK ratio; C: pcJun-to-cJun ratio; and D: pERK-to-ERK ratio. Insets: Representative gel blots of total and phosphorylated IRS-1, JNK, cJun and ERK using specific antibodies. α-tubulin was used as the loading control. Mean±SEM; sample sizes are denoted in the bar graphs; *p<0.05 (two-way ANOVA).