Expression of <i>Salmonella</i> virulence genes are unaffected by 15d-PGJ₂ treatment.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Wild-type <i>Salmonella carrying hilA-, phoP-</i>, and <i>ssrA-gfp</i> reporter transcriptional fusions were used to analyze the effect of 15d-PGJ₂ on virulence gene expression. Cultures were grown in LB for 4 hours. No changes in expression were seen. (<b>B</b>) 15d-PGJ₂ reduced bacterial colonization of macrophages by the wild-type <i>Salmonella</i> strain, the Δ<i>ssaR</i> strain, and the <i>ΔinvA</i> strain. Data are expressed as a percentage of the respective control samples, to illustrate that the extent of the inhibition caused by 15d-PGJ₂ is equivalent in both strains. (<b>C</b>) Flow cytometry analysis of <i>ssrA</i> gene expression in <i>Salmonella</i> after infection of RAW264.7 macrophages with or without 15d-PGJ₂ treatment. Averages of 8 measurements are shown with standard errors of means. (*p<0.05, **p<0.001).