Cellular responses to GNMT expression.

<p>A. Distribution of GNMT-expressing cells (<i>right panel</i>) between cell cycle phases (propidium iodide staining) compared to control (<i>left panel</i>) GNMT-deficient cells. <b>B</b>. Assessment of DNA damage in GNMT expressing cells by the Comet assay. <b>C</b>. Apoptotic cells assessed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining after GNMT expression (<i>bottom right quadrant</i>, early apoptotic cells; <i>upper right quadrant</i>, late apoptotic cells); only green cells (expressing GFP-GNMT) were evaluated. <b>D</b>. Calculation of apoptotic cells from C. <b>E</b>. Activation of ERK phosphorylation in response to GNMT expression. <b>F</b>. zVAD-fmk, but not ERK inhibitor PD98059, partially rescues cells from the antiproliferative effect of GNMT (data for A549 cells are shown).