IL-1β attenuates Hp-induced increases in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2).

<p>WT (C57BL/6), WT (Balb/c), IL-1β^−/− and IL-17Br×T1ST2^−/− mice were administered 200 L3 by oral gavage. (<b>A</b>) ILC2 cells were identified as lineage-negative (Gr-1, CD3, CD19), Sca-1, c-kit, T1/ST2 and ICOS positive live cells present in the spleen of mice at 6 dpi. (<b>B</b>) Absolute numbers of splenic ILC2 cells and levels of (<b>C</b>) IL-5 and (<b>D</b>) IL-13 protein present in the peritoneal wash at 3 and 6 dpi as determined by ELISA. (<b>E</b>) Absolute numbers of eosinophils present in the peritoneal wash at the indicated timepoints following Hp infection were determined by differential cell counting of cytospins. (<b>F</b>) Intestinal sections were stained with PAS and the percentage of intestinal epithelial cells represented by PAS⁺ goblet cells determined. Scale bars represent 200 µm. (<b>G</b>) WT (Balb/c), IL-25^−/− and IL-17BR×T1ST2^−/− mice were treated daily with 100 µl of PBS or PBS plus 50 mg/kg Anakinra for 6 consecutive days starting at day 0 of Hp infection. Absolute numbers of ILC2 cells were determined in the spleen at 6 dpi. All data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments (n = 5–10 per group) and expressed as mean ± SEM.