Initial GM-CSF leads to allergic long-term responses.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Protocol followed in B–F: mice received Ad/GM-CSF or PBS 24 h prior to HDM exposure for 10 d; then, mice were rested for 4 weeks (no allergen) before re-exposure to either saline or HDM for 3 days, with sample collection occurring 24 h after the last exposure. (<b>B–D</b>) Inflammatory cell numbers in BALF. Levels of (<b>E</b>) HDM-specific IgE and (<b>f</b>) HDM-specific IgG1 in serum. In (<b>G,H</b>), mice received Ad/GM-CSF or PBS and either saline or 0.2 µg HDM for 4 consecutive weeks, with 2 days rest in between each week. (<b>G,H</b>) Airway hyperresponsiveness based on peak values for Rn and G. N = 4–14 mice/group. * p<0.05 in Ad/GM-CSF+0.2 versus PBS+0.2.