PDAC cells migrate and invade following acute exogenous CXCL12 stimulation.

<p>(A) Panc1 and MiaPaCa2 cells migrated towards exogenous gradients of CXCL12 in a range from 1 nM to 1000 nM under serum-free conditions(*), (**), and (***) denote <i>P</i>≤0.05, <i>P</i>≤0.01, and <i>P</i>≤0.001, respectively, in comparison to unstimulated cells (NS). Receptor-null HPAFII cells did not migrate in response to CXCL12. (B) CXCL12 directs Panc1 cell chemoinvasion into a three-dimensional Matrigel plug. The positive control (+) was 10% serum-containing medium. (*), (**), and (***) denote <i>P</i>≤0.05, <i>P</i>≤0.01, and <i>P</i>≤0.001, respectively, in comparison to unstimulated cells (NS).