Effects of ZBPYR on the Morris water maze test in db/db mice.

<p><b>(A)</b> Learning performance of the animals was analyzed in the training trials by escape latency. DM/ZBPYR mice had shorter escape latency on the 4th and 5th day of training. (<b>B–D</b>) Memory retrieval performance was investigated in the probe test as the time required to search for the original platform location (<b>B</b>), time in the target quadrant where the platform had been located during training trials (<b>C</b>), and the number of crossing over the original platform location (<b>D</b>). (<b>E–F</b>) Performance in the visible platform version of the Morris water maze, which is not hippocampus-dependent. Escape latency (<b>E</b>) and swimming distance (<b>F</b>) were analyzed. Values are means ± S.D. from 17 mice in each group. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared to control; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared to DM.