POS upregulate PGC-1α in RPE cells.

<p>PGC-1α mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in <b>(A)</b> undifferentiated ARPE-19 cells, <b>(B)</b> differentiated ARPE-19 cells, and <b>(C)</b><i>ex vivo</i> RPE cells, treated with POS for 3 h for evaluation of mRNA and for 6 h for evaluation of protein levels. Morphology of differentiated ARPE-19 cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence for ZO-1 antibody. Mean ± SEM, n = 6–10 per group for mRNA level, n = 3 per group for protein level, two-tailed Student’s <i>t</i>-test, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001, ****<i>P</i> < 0.0001, **<i>P</i> < 0.01, *<i>P</i> < 0.05. Scale bars in the images of undifferentiated and differentiated ARPE-19 cells represent 100 μm and 200 μm, respectively.