The proteasomal pathway is important during WNV infection.

<p><b>A</b>. Hsu cells were pre-treated with MG132 at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 μM) for 1 h prior to WNV infection. Total RNA and supernatant medium were collected at 48 hpi. Real-time RT-qPCR was performed using WNV NS1 primers. RpL32 primers were used as an internal control. Error bars represent standard errors from three separate experiments with assays performed in triplicate (Student’s t-test *p < 0.05, comparing between control and MG132 treated cells). <b>B</b>. Viral titer estimation by plaque assays conducted on the supernatant media from cells treated as in <b>A</b>. Error bars represents standard error from three separate experiments with assays performed in triplicate (Student’s t-test *p < 0.05 compared to control). <b>C</b>. Hsu cells were pre-treated with MG132 at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 μM) for 1 h prior to infection with WNV at 4°C. Cells were moved to 30°C and total RNA was collected at 6 hpi. Real-time RT-qPCR was performed using WNV NS1 primers. RpL32 primers were used as an internal control. Error bars represent standard error from three separate experiments with assays performed in triplicate (Student’s t-test *p < 0.05, comparing between control and MG132 treated cells). <b>D</b>. Hsu cells were infected with WNV, followed by treatment with 10 μM MG132 at 2, 4 or 6 hpi. Total RNA was collected at 48 hpi and real-time RT-qPCR was performed using WNV NS1 primers. RpL32 primers were used as an internal control. Error bars represents standard error from three separate experiments with assays performed in triplicate (Student’s t-test *p < 0.05, comparing between control and MG132-treated cells).