<i>cbf11</i> interacts genetically with <i>sty1</i> and <i>pka1</i> pathways.

<p><b>(A)</b> 10-fold serial dilutions of cultures with the indicated genotypes were spotted on YES plates and grown for 2 days. The slow growth phenotype of <i>Δcbf11</i> cells is strongly and moderately suppressed by the deletion of <i>sty1</i> and <i>pka1</i>, respectively. <b>(B)</b> Cells growing exponentially in YES were fixed and stained with DAPI. Nuclear integrity defects of <i>Δcbf11</i> cells (marked with '#') are diminished by deletion of <i>sty1</i> or <i>pka1</i>. The DAPI signal was overlaid with the corresponding DIC image to visualize cell contours. Scale bar 10 μm. <b>(C)</b> Calcofluor staining documents that the occurrence of <i>Δcbf11</i>-associated septation defects (e.g., single cells with multiple septa) is decreased in the double mutants with <i>sty1</i> and <i>pka1</i>. Multicellular filaments are marked by arrows. Scale bar 10 μm. <b>(D)</b> Flow cytometry analysis of DNA content in fixed, propidium iodide-stained cells grown to the exponential phase in YES. Deletion of <i>cbf11</i> results in aberrant DNA content distribution, which is corrected by deletion of <i>sty1</i> and, in part, <i>pka1</i>. Fractions of cells with <2C, 2C, and >2C DNA content are indicated in the histograms. <b>(E)</b> The length of fully septated cells from (C) was measured. Deletions of both <i>sty1</i> and <i>pka1</i> have marked influence on the length of <i>Δcbf11</i> cells. Each dot represents a single cell measurement; median length and <i>n</i> values are indicated above each distribution; WT median value is indicated as a black horizontal line. Data points corresponding to short, multicellular filaments and their <i>n</i> values are shown in blue.