Hypothetical networks of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathwaysinvolved in the differential regulation of <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i>-induced IL-23 and IL-12 production in THP-1 cells.

<p>The PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways are activated by <i>T</i>. <i>gondii</i>-infection via TLR2 and TLR4. AKT activation differentially modulates ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK activation; PI3K/AKT inhibition suppresses ERK activation, whereas inhibition of PI3K/AKT results in the induction of p38 MAPK and JNK. Bold lines indicate a positive regulation pathway, and dotted lines indicate the negative regulation pathway of IL-23 and IL-12 production.