High-glucose increases generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VECs.

<p>(A) The probe 2’,7’-dichlorohydrofluorescein (DCFH2-DA) was added to the medium of cells treated with low glucose (LG) or high glucose (HG). HG-treated cells were also treated with 100 ng/mL bFGF, 1 μM sp600125 (sp), or 1 μM U0126 (U). ROS were observed in all cells, especially in high glucose-treated cells. Bar = 100 μm. (B) Fluorescence levels in ten different cells were measured using the Image Pro Plus software. Data represent mean values ± SE of four replicates, relative to the LG group (***<i>P</i> < 0.001) and relative to the HG group (^#<i>P <</i> 0.05, ^##<i>P <</i> 0.01).