TMP decreased ROS generation in high glucose-treated endothelial cells.

<p>CM-H₂DCFDA indicator was used to detect ROS levels in HUVEC treated with (<b>A</b>) 5.6 mmol/L glucose (Control), (<b>B</b>) High glucose (30 mmol/L) and (<b>C</b>) High glucose+TMP (30 µmol/L). (<b>D</b>) bEnd.3 and (<b>E</b>) HUVEC were treated as indicated for 48 hrs, and ROS production was measured using flexstation3 and quantified with the changes in fluorescence intensity. “F0” represents fluorescence of Control group and “F” depicts fluorescence of other treated groups. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4). ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Control; ^##<i>P</i><0.01 vs. Control; ^**<i>P</i><0.01 and ^$$<i>P</i><0.01 vs. High glucose.